Surface characterization is a field of research that focuses on analyzing and understanding the properties of a material's surface. This involves studying the topography, morphology, composition, and chemical properties of the surface, as well as how these properties can affect the material's behavior and performance. Surface characterization techniques include imaging techniques such as SEM and AFM, spectroscopic techniques such as XPS and FTIR, and other analytical methods like contact angle measurements and surface energy calculations. Surface characterization plays a crucial role in various industries, including materials science, nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, and many others.